The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Public health problems are caused by the emergence of environmental pollution and infectious diseases, which have caused concern around the world. The public health threat affects the relationship between people. Population growth and associated pressures increase difficulties associated with effective means of maintaining public health. The diseases transmitted from human and livestock communication, water pollution, air pollution, and environmental pollutants urge us to find new solutions to address these problems. Understanding the environmental and environmental health is a prerequisite for protecting public health. In Iran, like other countries in the world, the issue of environmental protection and its compliance with the first program of economic, social and cultural development of the Islamic Republic has begun and expanded in the future. In this regard, new perspectives are being introduced that will bring about dramatic changes at various levels of planning, processes and specialized sectors such as civil, industrial and educational sectors. The training of engineers in this regard can play a very important role in refining the attitudes of young engineers and using these bases in their specialized activities. One of the important tasks of universities is to provide a suitable platform for such training. In this regard, it is essential that the major industrial universities of the country develop various programs in this field.
The present study is a review of the type of validity that is performed through search of authoritative scientific databases such as PubMed and Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed using the key words of building safety and health, HSE, and prevention methods are the latest information.
Implementing the principles of HSE in various construction, industrial and other projects requires time, because any change that is considered in the system requires a change of attitude, which in turn requires time to adapt and adapt to the new conditions. The conditions for the projects in this research are their current conditions, and the next research, after a while, can determine the percentage of project progress in terms of HSE.
In order to comply with the principle of HSE cases, there is a need for training. These trainings should be executed at different levels and levels of contracting and monitoring so that the level of awareness of the risks involved in the development of civil operations between the personnel reaches a common frontier.
Remember, accidents and incidents are the most important cause of preventable childhood deaths in our country and our province. Everyone likes to live with safety and comfort, but events are always on the watch. Children under 6 are experiencing an accident due to lack of awareness around, not knowing about the risks and the inability to escape from their dangerous or dangerous position. Therefore, we are the adults and caregivers of children who should not let us suffer from the carelessness or carelessness of our children, whose consequences, the pain, the suffering and disability of the children. Small and simple events are part of the world of children not only important but informative. But what has to be prevented is serious accidents that cause serious injury and even harrowing deaths. Accidents and incidents of the fifth cause of death in the world are the major causes of deaths in hospitals as well as the main cause of death at the age of 1 to 18. The maximum number of deaths due to drowning accidents is the closure of breathing paths with solid chemicals, burning with hot materials and accidental poisoning of substances or drugs, falling from the height of suffocation due to gas and fumes of reptiles and toxic plants and plants. The number of road accidents in Iran is 20 times the global average. Every year in Iran, road accidents kill about 28,000 men and injured more than300,000.
According to the definition, "the incident" is an unexpected and unpleasant event that has interrupted work activities and may also be associated with injury or financial loss. some incidents result in serious damages and damages to human, social and industrial damages which will have a significant impact on productivity and productivity through reduction of work efficiency, and more importantly, the effects of social abuse and consequently psychological effects on the workforce.
In any case, the safety techniques have shown that we can control events and prevent them from occurring. The successful prevention of the incident has at least four fundamental actions: 1 - Study and comprehensive study of the work environment 2 - Analysis of incidents (3) monitoring and monitoring of accidents. 3 - Training efforts are continuing to provide additional clarification in each case.
In order to assess occupational hazards, the estimation of the quantitative and qualitative features of risk in the work environment and the purpose of this work is to reduce accidents and occupational diseases. Following the identification of the risks involved in the workplace, the risk assessment begins, which includes the following steps. Some of the workers are at greater risk, including:
(a)Young workers, new workers, apprentices, students b - cleaner workers, clients, contractors, maintenance workers and generally people who are not constantly in the workplace are subject to more accidents because of their perceptions of the workplace and its risks.
At this stage, we should consider how any risk may cause injury. This will make it clear to us whether to take more radical measures to mitigate the risk. We also need to determine how far the risks remain after the precautions are taken.
The commencement of construction work will be carried out only after the construction permit is issued, which includes installing and installing structural members, concrete structures and other measures, as detailed in the 12th National Building Code
Causal studies on the causes of accidents and accidents indicate that the concept of events for most people is something god called for, random and inevitable, while different scientific studies have shown that the distribution of events is based on the characteristics of time, place and person and is totally predictable. Therefore, it is important to establish a desired attitude and proper behavior to prevent accidents in an important safety culture. In other words, the training of the standards and principles of safety should be an integral part of the country's culture and education. The creation of a safety culture in society must be supported by the necessary training. It should be given to them at the age of educating children to help develop their own beliefs and practices. The educational system is the broadest channel for the publication of health knowledge, including education for prevention, as in our community there are more than 1 / 4 of the population. it should be noted that the necessity of implementing education prevention training in schools is one of the vital keys to achieving the maximum capability and ability of individualآ in the development of the country's future.
In this regard, appropriate organizing such as prevention of worn cars, traffic monitoring and traffic regulations, city co - operation and traffic safety regulations, control of transportation and transportation services in schools and summer camps is a second solution in the shadow of the development of inter - sectoral cooperation.
In design and building of buildings and producing machines and working tools and creating a healthy and academic environment, reforming the school's brigade with regard to the school of health is highly recommended. At the establishment of schools such as the site, the area of the school land, the number of building floors, the number of floors, health services and sanitation and sanitation, the presence of anti - fire extinguishers, and the presence of emergency shelters, the existence of anti - fire extinguishers, and sanitation standards, is the most essential principle of school preparation for the education of children of the community.
Teaching safety principles in student curricula, at different levels of education.
Training the basics of safety and first aid in opportunities possible in film, story, drama, through mass media and a group at home and school.
Teaching safety principles to parents and student parents.
The necessity of performing the prevention of accidents for children and adolescents in the country is one of the key process of social development process. Schools, as the most important resources of social and economic development, should take advantage of the participation of organizations and institutions and people on the protection of children's health, prevention and control of events, and taking care of the ways to improve the quality of education in the country over the past and consider it as a religious and social responsibility. in general, one of the important principles in preventing accidents in students is the subject of recognition of the underlying factors. parents, officials and health experts, by identifying and analyzing these factors, can inform their children and students about the various environmental issues, the quality of communication and the proper enjoyment of the environment, the risks associated with their surrounding factors and how to deal with them. It should be the way in which to develop the sense of trust among the students and not to create fear and concern, the necessity of paying attention to respect for the exercise of their work in their minds. Because the only recognition is to build a student's belief and acceptance of the various issues of life that can pursue potential growth of his forces, and prepare him for a healthy living for his future and his community.
Collect and summarize information from databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles research and review using MeSH pattern from: Safety for Buildings, HSE, OHSA, ISOand WHO. Also, according to the standard safety checklist, the necessary information was collected.
The aim of our vast building safety services is to improve the overall safety and efficiency of your buildings and the systems and products you operate within them. Our highly qualified engineers, technicians and expert witnesses perform all manner of testing, assessment and evaluation of industrial systems and equipment against the background of a wide variety of requirements. Naturally our engineering services adhere to all technical and legal regulations, however, we also place great importance on maintaining the standards agreed with contractors without losing sight of cost-efficiency. Whether initial acceptance inspections, repeat testing of technical systems or a safety concept for the facilities: DMT ensures the necessary safety in a wide range of fields
As an organization of the TÜV NORD GROUP, we carry out independent tests for a variety of industries and advise our customers on product safety, building safety and plant safety, for example in the fields of:
Building maintenance
Fire and explosion protection
Air and water hygiene
Ventilation, refrigeration and air conditioning technology
Air quality
Benefit from transparent, competent advice and save high long-term repair costs: Damage caused by ageing and wear on concrete structures cannot be completely avoided. With our condition assessments and preventive maintenance inspections, however, you can prevent unplanned plant downtimes and safety defects in good time
Investigations on fresh and hardened concrete in plants, on construction sites or in the laboratory, analysis and interpretation of the results from a single source
Assessment of the condition of existing buildings and engineering structures according to DIN 1076
Manual inspection: concrete condition, concrete corrosion, reinforcement corrosion, joint condition, joint sealants
Core drilling and non-destructive testing methods
Testing of aggregate, cements, mortars and screeds
Concrete chemical investigations
Assessment of water and soils aggressive to concrete
Concrete tests: cracks, reinforcement corrosion, white tank
Testing the compressive strength and water permeability of concrete test specimens
Advising the company and the construction sites on concrete selection and processing
Performance of suitability tests, quality and hardening tests
Evaluation of concrete tests Inspection of the equipment of the construction sites and specialist training
Compliance with these requirements is required in all construction work that is to be cut and welded. Hot and flammable materials. Safety in construction in all places where there is a danger of fire, smoking is prohibited, and the symbol for "hazardousness" Do not smoke "in these places. The burning of any kind of rubbish, scrap and other combustible materials and the like is prohibited unless authorized by the competent authorities. The collection and storage of oil, grease, oilseed rags and oil-contaminated rubbish and oil products, etc., are not permitted on or in the vicinity of construction equipment
The legal responsibility of establishing safe conditions at the workplace with management, as a result of the role of supervisors and top managers, should always be considered in the investigation of the incident. The answers to the questions posed logically leads to more questions such as: - Are safety orders communicated to employees and all employees are aware of them? Is the way in which employees are carried out in a codified fashion? Are things executed according to the instructions? Is proper supervision exercised in implementation? - Are workers trained to do the job? Is there a plan to fix the problems? Are the safe conditions available, corrected? Is maintenance and maintenance services performed periodically and regularly? Are regular periodic inspections carried out?
If a person is affected by social or environmental factors if it is wrong to do otherwise or face physical and mechanical hazards, then something has happened and no harm is done to him. If we eliminate the third factor, non - safe operation and non - safe conditions, despite the occurrence of the first and second factors, there will be no accident and no harm will arise. Therefore, it is noted that if there are flaws and nothing happens, what is the reason for that! It is also necessary to conduct inspection and discover the defects of employees ' performance and the workplace and communicate and insist on resolving shortcomings, which prevent the process from occurring.
The basis of safety can be expressed in this important statement:
With regard to the issues discussed in the results section, it seems that in order to carry out work on development projects, according to HSE principles, it is necessary to consider some cases as a basis for observance of these principles These include:
Culture: To ensure that the principles of HSE, in addition to preserving the life and natural resources, contribute to social development and development. These projects also require culture-building through various educational, written, spoken, visual and other methods.
Time: The implementation of HSE principles in various construction, industrial and other projects requires time, because any change that is considered in the system requires a change of attitude, which in turn requires time to accept and adapt to the conditions. New is. The conditions for the projects in this research are their current conditions, and the next research, after a while, can determine the percentage of project progress in terms of HSE.
Cost: Everything requires cost, and the higher the cost is, so it is guaranteed to work with high quality. Since the cost of complying with the principles of HSE has generally been seen so far, so it cannot be expected that all items will be done in a specific way. If the cost of the HSE is also considered at the beginning of the project, it can be expected that the items will be taken in principle.
Training: In order to follow the principle of HSE cases, there is a need for training. These trainings should be executed at different levels and levels of contracting and monitoring so that the level of awareness of the risks involved in the development of civil operations between the personnel reaches a common frontier.
We would like to express our special thanks to Dr.Rajendranfor guidance on different areas of this paper.