Field observation were conducted in Shendi, area which is in the River Nile State-Sudan, where the average annual rainfall ranges from 14-60 mm to (60) mm, occurring mainly during the period from July to September. The climate of the experimental site is semi arid, relatively cool and dry in winter, with maximum and minimum temperature ranging from 34 - 36°C and 14 - 16°C, respectively and hot in summer with maximum and minimum temperature ranging from 40 - 46°C and 20 - 22°C respectively, and relative humidity ranges from 50 to 75 % in the rainy season and far below 50 % otherwise8.

The seeds of Ocimumbasilicum L. (basil) were collected from Elmisktab area (North Shendi), and sown in a heavy clay soil in January 2014 in a 100 m2divided into 8 plots at Shendi University farm. Irrigation and cultural practices were done as recommended. Some plots were harvested as stems and leaves, some as flowers and the rest as seeds in different time.

Essential oils were extracted from different parts of basil plant. Samples containing 150, 200, 100, and 50g of leaves, flower, stem, and seeds respectively were dried and powdered. The samples were placed in the Soxhlet extraction setup to extract essential oils with n-hexane for 5h. The obtained mixture of oil hexane was distilled with separating funnel to collect volatile constituents, and the volume of the obtained essential oil was calculated as percentage volume per dry weight.

The chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used for analyzing the leave and flower, and n-hexane extracts was performed by a Shimadzu (LC 2010) used with flame ionization detector and HP-capillary column (30 × 0.25) the mobile phase was set at 1.83 ml /min, the sample injection oven temperature (60 C^o) and run fully at a range of 75-600 m/z and the composition rate was reported at related percentage at total peak area9.

Further analyses were performed on the flowers extract by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using a Shimadzu LC–210 ATH high performance liquid chromatography c18 (250× 4.6mm). The mobile phase composition was 70:30 acetonitrile water the flow rate of the mobile phase was adjusted to 1 ml/min and the analysis was done at room temperature. The sample was dissolved in water and injected into the column. The detection was performed in UV detector at 250 nm.

Purification and Identification of Methyl Eugenol from O. basilicum inflorescence extract was carried out by HPLC, and the identification of the purified Methyl Eugenol was carried out by comparing the retention times of HPLC chromatographic peaks, obtained from O. basilicum inflorescence extract, with those of authentic compound, Methyl Eugenol, run under identical conditions.

This study was conducted in Shendi area, during the period of May-August /2015 (mango fruiting time), in 5 neighboring mango orchards to evaluate the potentiality of the raw plant parts as attractant for fruit flies. Each orchard was provided with 5 traps baited with powder leaves, paste leaves, powder flowers, paste flowers and ME (control), replicated 3 times.

To assess the efficiency of the isolated ME (IME) extracted from the basil vs. the synthetic one (ME), traps baited with the two compounds were distributed throughout the 5 orchards and replicated 3 times. Throughout the study period May to August, trap catch was collected every 10 days; specimens counting were done in the laboratory.

In details, Lynnfield traps were locally made from a clear cylindrical plastic container (10 cm diameter and 10 cm height), with four holes (3 cm diameter each), evenly spaced around the upper half of trap, each trap baited with 2 ml of IME or ME and 0.5ml of Malathion in a cotton wick (4 cm long and 1 cm diameter); powder and paste of the row plant traps, 5 g of each was placed in the trap, Malathion 57% EC was used.

Statistical package of social science (SPSS) was used as computerized program for the data analysis. Particularly the statistical inferences.

Table 1, shows the oil content of flower, leaf, stem, and seed parts. The highest value for the oil content was obtained from flower (5.75%), followed by leaf part (3.03 %) then stem part (0.21%) and the lowest was the seeds part (0.022).

Table 2 showed the chemical composition of essential oil of the O. basilicum leavessorted according to their order of elution in the column. Their abundance percentage varies from major compounds: (1,6- Octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl) (45.04%), (4-Hexen-1-ol,5-methyl-2-(1-Methyl)) (32.25%), to minor compounds☹Beta-phellandrene) (0.04%), (Benzene,1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2propenyl)) (0.1%). The Eugenol, which is the precursor of ME (Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl), is one component of the analyzed oil and was eluted at retention time 22.9, M/Z 164 and its abundance percentage was considered to be 1.38%. Noteworthy that the high abundance percentage of Eugenol (1.38 %) and low abundance percentage of ME (0.1%) in leaf part revealed that the process of Methylation in progress.

As far as the essential oil constituents of O. basilicum inflorescence is concerned, the GC/MS analysis of the essential oil of the inflorescence revealed that the oil contains a mixture of thirty-two compounds (Table 3).

Table 3 presents the GC\MS composition of essential oil of extracted from the O. basilicum inflorescence growing in Shendi. They are listed according to their order of elution in the column, and their abundance percentage varies from major compounds: (Methyl-cis-isoeugenol) (20.23%), (L-Linaloon) (19.38%), to minor compounds: (Bicyclo 2.2.1) heptan-2-ol, 1, 3, 3trimethyl) (0.02%), (1, 3,7- Octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl) (0.01%). Moreover, the analysis also recorded that p-Eugenol, was prevalent in the essential oil, and was eluted at retention time 23.866, and its abundance percentage was considered to be 2.52 %. Noteworthy that ME is one of the oil constituents obtained from the inflorescence extract, and its abundance percentage was 3.57 %.

HPLC analysis was used to verify the ME extracted from basil oil, and compared with a standard, these confirmed the presence of ME (Figure 1).

The retention time of ME in O. basilicum inflorescence given away at retention time 2.671 min (Figure 2).

The catch per trap obtained from leaves in form of powder and paste were 7.52 and 11.14 insect\trap\month respectively (Table 4, P ≤ 0.01).

Slightly better results were given using the powder and paste from flowers (12.23 and 14.89, respectively, However, the control trap with synthetic ME performed an average of 473 monthly catch, what means that the raw preparations from the leaves were about fifty times less attractive for the insects, and the flowers preparations about thirty-five lower,Better results came out using the oil extracted from the leaves (150.78) and the flowers (177.56) (Table 5) what means that the oil preparations resulted about only three times less attractive than control (P 0.001)

The result of trapping of fruit flies obtained from a pair wise between synthetic ME and the purified one from O. basilicum were 473.0 and 448.9 respectively (Table 6) what means a non-significant 5% reduction.